Image showing large scoops of three different ice cream flavors

I Create Ice Cream!

Food scientist Maya Warren has a supercool speciality...ice cream!

By Kimberly Y. Masibay and Elizabeth Carney
From the May/June 2024 Issue

Learning Objective: Students will observe and describe properties of ice cream and its ingredients.

Lexile: 700L; 490L
Other Focus Areas: Measurement & Data
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ChemistryShorts.org

Dr. Maya Warren thinks her STEM job is one of the sweetest ones around. It’s easy to see why. She makes ice cream! Warren owns a business called IC3 CRM. She helps companies around the world develop new flavors of ice cream, from peanut butter and jelly to ketchup! She uses chemistry, technology, and math in her work.

“So much science goes into making ice cream,” she says. “And people are so curious about it!”

That’s why Warren also appears on TV shows to give others a peek into the fascinating world of food science.

“There are hardly any food scientists on television. It’s almost like we don’t exist in the food world. And yet we feed more people than chefs do,” says Warren. Food scientists develop packaged foods and frozen foods that appear on grocery store shelves.

“I want to shed light on who food scientists are, what we do, and what scientists look like,” Warren says.

Warren spoke with SuperSTEM about the sweet life of an ice cream scientist.

Dr. Maya Warren has a sweet STEM job. She makes ice cream! Warren owns a business. It’s called IC3 CRM. She helps companies around the world. She creates new flavors of ice cream for them. The flavors could be anything. They could be peanut butter and jelly. Or they could be ketchup! She uses chemistry in her work. She also uses technology and math.

“So much science goes into making ice cream,” says Warren. “And people are so curious about it!”

That’s why Warren also goes on TV shows. She shares food science with others. 

“There are hardly any food scientists on television,” says Warren. “It’s almost like we don’t exist in the food world. And yet we feed more people than chefs do.” Food scientists create packaged and frozen foods. These foods are sold in grocery stores.

“I want to shed light on who food scientists are. What we do. And what scientists look like,” says Warren. 

Warren spoke with SuperSTEM. She talked about an ice cream scientist’s sweet life.

ChemistryShorts.org (Ice Cream Machine); Dr. Maya Warren (Ice Cream)

From left to right: peanut butter and jelly pops; Warren pours an ice cream mixture into an ice cream machine.

How did you become interested in food science?

It started when I was 6 years old. I got a kids’ oven that used a light bulb to bake simple recipes. I remember pouring brownie mix into the toy’s tiny pan. Then I put it into the oven and watched it transform. I was so into it! That was my first experience with a chemical reaction.

In high school, I got even more interested in chemistry. My teacher was so encouraging. That’s why I studied chemistry in college.

One day I saw a TV show that featured a flavor chemistry lab. I remember thinking, “Wow! How do I become a flavor chemist?” I decided to pursue food science.

My goal was to become an expert in ice cream. And that’s what I am. I love what I do!

It started when I was 6 years old. I got a kids’ oven. It used heat from a light bulb. It baked simple recipes. The toy had a tiny pan. I poured in brownie mix. Then I put the pan into the oven. I watched the batter change as it baked. I was so into it! That was my first chemical reaction.

I got even more into chemistry in high school. I had a teacher who supported me. That’s why I studied chemistry in college.

One day I saw something on TV. It was a flavor chemistry lab. It made me think, “Wow! How do I become a flavor chemist?” So I became a food scientist.

I wanted to be an ice cream expert. And that’s what I am. I love what I do!

What’s a surprising fact about ice cream?

Ice cream’s main ingredient isn’t cream. It’s air! You don’t really see it. You don’t taste it. But you do feel it. Air makes ice cream soft and scoopable. Without air, ice cream would be a hard block of milky ice—like an ice pop!

Cream isn’t the main thing in ice cream. It’s air! You don’t see it. You don’t taste it. But you feel it. Air makes ice cream soft. That’s why it can be scooped. Ice cream would be hard without air. You’d just have a block of milky ice. It would be more like an ice pop!

How do you get air into ice cream?

Ice cream starts out as a liquid mixture. It contains milk, cream, sugar, and flavorings. We freeze this mixture in an ice cream machine. It whips air into the liquid while freezing it. The whipping creates air bubbles in the ice cream mixture. Tiny fat particles, milk proteins, and ice crystals coat the air bubbles. This coating traps the bubbles in ice cream. All that trapped air gives ice cream its soft texture.

Ice cream starts as a liquid mixture. It’s a mix of four things. They’re milk, cream, sugar, and flavorings. We put this mix into an ice cream machine. It whips the mix. That creates air bubbles. The machine freezes the mix at the same time. The bubbles get coated in tiny particles. They include fats and ice crystals. This coating traps the bubbles. All that air makes ice cream soft.

Dr. Maya Warren

Roasted beet ice cream with pistachios and goat cheese

What’s a typical day like for you?

I spend a lot of time developing new flavor concepts. Once I get an idea, I decide which ingredients to use and how much of each I’ll need to turn an idea into a new flavor. It can take up to a year to perfect a new flavor.

I do most of this work in a place called a research and development lab. The lab has a lot of equipment that helps me make and test different ice cream mixes. One machine measures the amount of moisture, or liquid content, in the mix. Another tests how thick it is. If a mix is too thick, it can’t be pumped into packages. Everything about the ice cream must be measured and tested.

I spend a lot of time thinking up new flavor ideas. Then I make them. I choose the ingredients to use. I also decide how much of each I’ll need. It is not easy to perfect a new flavor. It can take up to a year.

I do most of this work in a lab. It has a lot of tools. They help me test new ice creams. One machine measures a mix’s moisture. That’s how much liquid it has. Another tests how thick the mix is. A mix can’t be too thick. Then we won’t be able to pump it into packages. We have to measure and test everything.

What do you enjoy most about your work?

Everything! It’s ice cream, chemistry, creativity, and communication. Ice cream is an amazing tool for connecting with people. You instantly have people’s attention. Sharing food science with others is my mission.

Everything! It’s ice cream. It’s chemistry. It’s creativity. Ice cream is a great way to connect with people. You quickly have their attention. I love sharing food science with others. It’s my mission.

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Activities (4) Download Answer Key
Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

1. PREPARE TO READ (10 minutes)
Activate prior knowledge and watch a video about an ice cream factory.

  • Hold a class discussion and ask: What is your favorite ice cream flavor and why? How do you think ice cream gets different flavors? What other ingredients are in ice cream?
  • Play the video “Inside an Ice Cream Factory.” Ask: Why do you think the factory bakes the cake ingredients separately and then mixes cake pieces in? (e.g., If the cake ingredients were mixed with the ice cream before heating, they wouldn’t undergo the chemical reaction to become cake. The cake ingredients would remain as raw batter.)

2. READ AND SUMMARIZE (15 minutes)
Read the article and synthesize information about an ice cream scientist.

  • Preview the article’s photos and captions. Then read it aloud. Ask: What was Maya Warren’s first experience with chemical reactions? (baking a cake in a toy oven) How did her interest in chemistry change into a focus on ice cream? (She saw a TV program about a flavor chemistry lab and decided to study food science, focusing on ice cream.)
  • Use the Cool STEM Jobs Spotlight activity as a formative assessment to check students’ reading comprehension.

3. RESPOND TO READING (20 minutes)
Make whipped cream and relate observations to the States of Matter diagram.

  • Read and discuss the States of Matter diagram. Ask students to give real-world examples of each state.
  • Distribute the Make Whipped Cream activity. Preview the “Predict” and “Materials” sections. For each substance named, classify it as a solid, liquid, or gas. Ask: If you pour a scoop of sugar into a cup, it takes the shape of its container. Is it a liquid? Explain. (No; individual grains of sugar hold their shape, so each grain is a solid. They take the shape of a cup because the grains are very small.) Read the steps of the activity aloud.
  • View the “Make Whipped Cream” hands-on video as a class demonstration, or arrange students into groups and have them complete the activity. Then ask: How did the properties of the cream change? (e.g., It changed from a liquid to more of a solid substance that holds its shape; it seems like air is now in the cream because it takes up more volume.)

Text-to-Speech